二十四節(jié)氣之“大寒”(Greater Cold)源自互聯(lián)網的資料

　　大寒，是二十四節(jié)氣之一，寓意天氣寒冷到極點的意思.《授時通考·天時》引《三禮義宗》：“大寒為中者，上形于小寒，故謂之大......寒氣之逆極，故謂大寒.”這時寒潮南下頻繁，是中國大部分地區(qū)一年中的最為寒冷時候，天氣特征是風大，氣低溫，地面積雪不化，呈現(xiàn)出冰天雪地、天寒地凍的嚴寒景象.

　　俗話說：“花木管時令，鳥鳴報農時”.花草樹木、鳥獸飛禽等物候現(xiàn)象，均呈現(xiàn)不同季節(jié)天氣活動規(guī)律，因此它們規(guī)律性的行動，被看作區(qū)分時令節(jié)氣的重要標志.

　　中國古代將大寒分為三候：“一候雞始乳;二候征鳥厲疾;三候水澤腹堅.”

　　一候雞始乳

　　大寒時節(jié)，母雞開始孵化小雞.

　　二候征鳥厲疾

　　鳥類中食肉的鷹隼，在大寒時節(jié)，正處于捕食能力極強的狀態(tài)中，時常盤旋于空中到處尋找食物，以補充身體的所需能量，用以抵御嚴寒.

　　三候水澤腹堅

　　在一年的最后五天內，水域中的冰一直凍到水中央，冰層最為厚實，孩童們可以盡情在河上溜冰(日平均氣溫連續(xù)多日出現(xiàn)-5℃以下天氣方可進行，這種活動一般出現(xiàn)在黃河以北地區(qū)).

　　這三候分別從三個不同的角度來說，初候家禽孵幼鳥，二候飛鷹捕獵食，三侯河水結冰，是一年中寒冷的極致.但這已是一年中最后的寒冷了，不久溫暖的春天就要到來了.冬季一共有六個節(jié)氣，分別是立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒.大寒，是一年中的最后一個節(jié)氣，過了大寒，就是立春，氣溫回暖，新的一年即將開始.大寒在臘月，即將迎來春節(jié)，所以大寒的習俗圍繞著迎接春節(jié)展開.除舊布新，是這一時節(jié)的主題.

　　大寒節(jié)氣是二十四節(jié)氣中最后一個節(jié)氣，更是二十四節(jié)氣中的極為寒冷的時期.“大寒”時斗指丑.太陽黃經達300°.于每年公歷1月20-21日交節(jié).大寒同小寒一樣，也是表示天氣寒冷程度的節(jié)氣，大寒是天氣寒冷到極致的意思.根據我國長期以來的氣象記錄，北方地區(qū)大寒節(jié)氣沒有小寒冷.但對于南方大部地區(qū)來說，最冷是在大寒節(jié)氣.大寒在歲終，冬去春來，大寒一過，又開始新的一個周期.大寒是我國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣中排在第二十四位，其由來可追溯至《月令七十二候集解》：“大寒，十二月中。解見前.”在描述小寒時，則是“小寒，十二月節(jié).月初寒尚小，故云，月半則大矣.”由此可見，大寒和小寒是相對的，十二月初寒氣較弱，稱為小寒，十二月中寒氣較強，稱為大寒.大寒的風俗習慣有除舊迎新，腌制年肴，準備年貨，喝臘八粥，吃糯米制作的食物等.大寒時節(jié)還有很多重要的民俗和節(jié)慶，如尾牙祭、祭灶和除夕等，“大寒”是不折不扣吃貨的節(jié)氣.

　　Greater Cold， one of the twenty-four solar terms， means that the weather is extremely cold.“Shoushi Tongkao Tianshi“ quotes“Sanli Yizong“:“The greater cold is In the mid-term， and it is superior to the minor cold， so it is called the big... The cold air is reversed， so it is called the big cold.“ At this time， the cold wave went south. Frequent， it is the coldest period of the year in most parts of China. The weather is characterized by strong winds， low temperature， and snow on the ground， presenting a severe cold scene of icy snow and freezing weather.

　　As the saying goes:“Flowers and trees control the season， birds sing to announce the farming time“. Phenological phenomena such as flowers， plants， trees， birds， animals and birds all show the laws of weather activities in different seasons， so their regular actions are regarded as an important symbol to distinguish the seasons and solar terms.

　　In ancient China， the great cold was divided into three seasons:“The first wait for the chicken to start milk; the second wait for the severe disease of the bird; the third wait for the water and the belly to be firm.“

　　Waiting for chicken milk

　　During the great cold season， the hen begins to hatch the chicks，

　　Liji

　　Among the birds， the carnivorous falcon is in a state of strong predation ability during the severe cold season. It often hovers in the air in search of food to replenish the energy needed by the body and resist the severe cold.

　　Sanhou Mizusawa belly firm

　　In the last five days of the year， the ice in the water area freezes to the center of the water， and the ice layer is the thickest. Children can enjoy skating on the river (the daily average temperature can only be carried out when the weather is below -5°C for several consecutive days. This kind of activity generally appear in the area north of the Yellow River).

　　These three seasons are viewed from three different angles. The first season is the poultry hatching young birds， the second season is the eagle hunting， and the third time the river freezes. It is the extreme coldness of the year. But this is the last coldness of the year.， and the warm spring will come soon. There are six solar terms in winter， which are Lidong， Xiaoxue， Daxue， Winter Solstice， Minor Cold， and Great Cold. Great Cold is the last solar term of the year. With warming up， the new year is about to begin. The great cold is in the twelfth lunar month， and the Spring Festival is about to usher in， so the custom of the great cold revolves around welcoming the Spring Festival. Removing the old and bringing forth the new is the theme of this season.

　　The Great Cold is the last solar term in the twenty-four solar terms， and it is also the extremely cold period in the twenty-four solar terms. During the“Great Cold“， the fingers are ugly. The sun's longitude reaches 300°. It is celebrated on January 20-21 in the Gregorian calendar every year. The Great Cold is the same as the Minor Cold， and it is also a solar term that expresses the degree of cold weather. The Great Cold means that the weather is extremely cold. According to the long-term meteorological records of our country， there is no minor cold in the Great Cold in the northern region. But for most of the southern regions， the coldest is In the great cold solar terms. The great cold is at the end of the year， winter goes to spring， and a new cycle begins after the severe cold. The great cold is the 24th among the traditional solar terms in our country. Its origin can be traced back to“Moon Order Seventy-two“Hou Ji Jie“:“Great cold， mid-December. See before.“ When describing Xiaohan， it is“Xiaohan， December festival. The cold at the beginning of the month is still small， so the cloud is big in the middle of the month.“ From this It can be seen that the great cold and the minor cold are relative. The cold air in early December is weaker， which is called minor cold， and the cold air is stronger in mid-December， which is called major cold. The custom of major cold is to remove the old

　　大寒，是二十四節(jié)氣之一，寓意天氣寒冷到極點的意思?！妒跁r通考·天時》引《三禮義宗》：「大寒為中者，上形於小寒，故謂之大......寒氣之逆極，故謂大寒.」這時寒潮南下頻繁，是中國大部分地區(qū)一年中的最為寒冷時期，天氣特征是風大，氣低溫，地面積雪不化，呈現(xiàn)出冰天雪地、天寒地凍的嚴寒景象.

　　俗話說：「花木管時令，鳥鳴報農時」.花草樹木、鳥獸飛禽等物候現(xiàn)象，均呈現(xiàn)不同季節(jié)天氣活動規(guī)律，因此它們規(guī)律性的行動，被看作區(qū)分時令節(jié)氣的重要標誌.

　　中國古代將大寒分為三候：「一候雞始乳;二候征鳥厲疾;三候水澤腹堅.」

　　一候雞始乳

　　大寒時節(jié)，母雞開始孵化小雞，

　　二候征鳥厲疾

　　鳥類中食肉的鷹隼，在大寒時節(jié)，正處於捕食能力極強的狀態(tài)中，時常盤旋於空中到處尋找食物，以補充身體的所需能量，用以抵禦嚴寒.

　　三候水澤腹堅

　　在一年的最後五天內，水域中的冰一直凍到水中央，冰層最為厚實，孩童們可以盡情在河上溜冰(日平均氣溫連續(xù)多日出現(xiàn)-5℃以下天氣方可進行，這種活動一般出現(xiàn)在黃河以北地區(qū)).

　　這三候分別從三個不同的角度來說，初候家禽孵幼鳥，二候飛鷹獵食，三侯河水結冰，是一年中寒冷的極致.但這是一年中最後的寒冷，不久溫暖的春天就要到來了.冬季一共有六個節(jié)氣，分別是立冬、小雪、大雪、冬至、小寒、大寒.大寒，是一年中的最後一個節(jié)氣，過了大寒，就是立春，氣溫回暖，新的一年即將開始.大寒在臘月，即將迎來春節(jié)，所以大寒的習俗圍繞著迎接春節(jié)展開.除舊布新，是這一時節(jié)的主題.

　　大寒節(jié)氣是二十四節(jié)氣中最後一個節(jié)氣，更是二十四節(jié)氣中的極為寒冷的時期.「大寒」時鬥指醜.太陽黃經達300°.於每年公歷1月20-21日交節(jié).大寒同小寒一樣，也是表示天氣寒冷程度的節(jié)氣，大寒是天氣寒冷到極致的意思.根據我國長期以來的氣象記錄，北方地區(qū)大寒節(jié)氣沒有小寒冷.但對於南方大部地區(qū)來說，最冷是在大寒節(jié)氣.大寒在歲終，冬去春來，大寒一過，又開始新的一個周期.大寒是我國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)氣中排在第二十四位，其由來可追溯至《月令七十二候集解》：「大寒，十二月中。解見前.」在描述小寒時，則是「小寒，十二月節(jié).月初寒尚小，故雲，月半則大矣.」由此可見，大寒和小寒是相對的，十二月初寒氣較弱，稱為小寒，十二月中寒氣較強，稱為大寒.大寒的風俗習慣有除舊迎新，腌製年肴，準備年貨，喝臘八粥，吃糯米製作的食物等.大寒時節(jié)還有很多重要的民俗和節(jié)慶，如尾牙祭、祭竈和除夕等，「大寒」是不折不扣吃貨的節(jié)氣.